Istorie / Brasovul in Evul mediu
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Brasovul este atestat documentar in anul 1234 in Catalogul Ninivensis cu numele de Corona. In a doua jumatate a secolului al XIV-lea, este confirmat drept centru administrativ si eclesiastic al Tarii Barsei (Corona, Kronstadt, Brasso), "oras liber regal", unul dintre centrele economice si culturale ale Transilvaniei.
In secolul al XIV-lea, burgul era concentrat in jurul pietei principale si al bisericii parohiale, Biserica Sfinta Maria, cunoscuta ca Biserica Neagra, reconstruita incepand cu anul 1383. Inca din prima jumatate a secolului al XIV-lea in Cetate erau conturate doua artere principale: Strada Manastirii si Strada Portii. In evul mediu, zona locuita din Cetate se oprea la limita formata de Ulita Calugaritelor (astazi Michael Weiss), orasul extinzandu-se spre 1600, pana la limita zidurilor dinspre actualul Hotel Aro Palace. Asezarea era impartita in patru cartiere: Portica - spre sud-est, Corpus Christi - spre sud-vest, Petri - spre nord est si Catharina - spre nord-vest. In afara Cetatii existau totodata trei suburbii. "Brasovul Vechi" s-a dezvoltat in jurul bisericii Sf. Bartolomeu, ingloband asezarea de langa dealul Sf. Martin (zona strazilor Lunga si De Mijloc). Spre est, cartierul Blumana (zona strazilor Cuza Voda, Eroilor, 15 noiembrie, Castanilor si Colina Universitatii), cu capela Sf. Barbara, era locuit in principal de secui; aici se afla si leprozeria, mentionata documentar in 1413. Spre sud-vest se afla vechiul cartier romanesc al Scheilor Brasovului.
Evenimentele istorice puncteaza evolutia fortificatiilor cetatii: daca in 1421 orasul este devastat, intregul sfat (consiliul orasenesc) fiind dus in robie, incursiunea turceasca din 1432 nu-l mai poate cuceri, sistemul de aparare fiind suficient de puternic pentru a rezista asediilor. Ioan de Hunedoara, voievod al Transilvaniei in 1441 si guvernator al Ungariei in 1446, contribuie in mod substantial la dezvoltarea sistemului defensiv, care este amplificat pana in 1646. Centura de fortificatii a facut din Brasov unul dintre cele mai intarite orase medievale din Transilvania. Sistemul de aparare al Cetatii era completat cu fortul de pe Dealul Straja si cu cele patru turnuri de observatie extra-muros: Turnul Negru si Turnul Alb; celelalte doua turnuri existau pe latura de sud, pe versantul dinspre oras al muntelui Tampa in dreptul Bastioanelor Tesatorilor si Postavarilor
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